Spring Boot - Testing a Data MongoDB application with Testcontainers and @DataMongoTest

In this section, we will learn how to test Repository layer components with @DataMongoTest and Testcontainers in Spring Boot Data MongoDB application that uses MongoDB as database.

1. What we will build?

We will create a basic Data MongoDB Spring Boot application that uses MongoDB as database. We will create Repository layer for this application. Finally we will do a testing with help of Testcontainers and @DataMongoTest to verify our system is working as expected.


2. Testcontainers

Testcontainers is an open source testing library that allows us to run docker containers directly in our spring boot application in order to facilitate integration tests with real dependencies. 

It can provide instances of common databases(here MongoDB),  message brokers, Selenium web browsers, or anything else that can run in a Docker container.


3. @DataMongoTest

Instead of bootstrapping the entire application context for every test, @DataMongoTest allows us to initialize the Spring application context with only those beans needed to test Data MongoDB-based components.

By default, it scans for @Document classes and configures Spring Data MongoDB repositories. It will auto-configure MongoTemplate. If an embedded database is available on the classpath, @DataMongoTest will autoconfigure one for testing purposes.

Do you want more information about @DataMongoTest? Click here


4. Install docker

Install docker in your local machine if you not yet installed docker. Go to docker official https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/#desktop and download docker and then install.


5. Creating a spring boot application

First, open the Spring initializr https://start.spring.io

Then, Provide the Group and Artifact name. We have provided Group name com.knf.dev.demo and Artifact datamongotest-testcontainers-testing-example. Here I selected the Maven project - language Java 17 - Spring Boot 3.1.6, Testcontainers, and Spring Data MongoDB.

Then, click on the Generate button. When we click on the Generate button, it starts packing the project in a .zip(datamongotest-testcontainers-testing-example) file and downloads the project. Then, Extract the Zip file. 

Then, import the project on your favourite IDE.

Final Project directory:


Complete pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.6</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.knf.dev.demo</groupId>
   <artifactId>datamongotest-testcontainers-testing-example</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>datamongotest-testcontainers-testing-example</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
   <properties>
      <java.version>17</java.version>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-testcontainers</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
         <artifactId>mongodb</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
               <image>
                  <builder>paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base:latest</builder>
               </image>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

spring-boot-testcontainers:By using this dependency spring automatically configures the necessary Spring Boot properties for the supporting containers.

junit-jupiter testcontainers extension which will take care of starting and stopping of the containers.

spring-boot-starter-test starter will provide following libraries:

  • JUnit 
  • Spring Test & Spring Boot Test 
  • AssertJ
  • Hamcrest 
  • Mockito 
  • JSONassert 
  • JsonPath 


Spring Data MongoDB– Student Document

package com.knf.dev.demo.document;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
@Document(collection = "students")
public class Student {

    @Id
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private Integer age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String id, String name, String email, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

  • @Document is used to map a class to mongoDB database, it represents a MongoDB documents.


Spring Data MongoDB– Student Repository

It doesn't make sense to test inherited default methods like save(), findById(), deleteById(), or findAll() from MongoRepository. If we are doing like so, means we are testing the framework. 

So, i created three methods findByName() , findByAgeGreaterThan() , and findByAgeLessThan().

package com.knf.dev.demo.repository;

import com.knf.dev.demo.document.Student;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.Query;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

public interface StudentRepository extends MongoRepository<Student, String> {

    @Query("{name : ?0}")
    Optional<Student> findByName(String name);

    @Query("{ age : { $gte: ?0 } }")
    List<Student> findByAgeGreaterThan(Integer age);

    //Derived Query Method
    List<Student> findByAgeLessThan(Integer age);
}

  • findByAgeGreaterThan(): If we want to retrieve students whose age is greater than the given age.
  • findByName(): This method will get student entity by name.
  • findByAgeLessThan(): If we want to retrieve students whose age is less than the given age.
  • MongoRepository provides all the necessary methods which help to create a CRUD application and it also supports the custom derived query methods.


Application.java

package com.knf.dev.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
   }

}


Implementing the Tests

When using JUnit 4, this annotation should be used in combination with @RunWith(SpringRunner.class). But for this example  we are using JUnit 5, there’s no need to add the equivalent @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class).

package com.knf.dev.demo;

import com.knf.dev.demo.document.Student;
import com.knf.dev.demo.repository.StudentRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.data.mongo.DataMongoTest;
import org.springframework.boot.testcontainers.service.connection.ServiceConnection;
import org.testcontainers.containers.MongoDBContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.assertThat;

@DataMongoTest
@Testcontainers
public class StudentRepositoryTest {

   // @Autowired
   //private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;

    @Container
    @ServiceConnection
    public static MongoDBContainer mongoDBContainer =
            new MongoDBContainer(DockerImageName.parse("mongo:latest"));

    //Method should be executed before all tests in the current test class
    //Load initial data
    @BeforeAll
    static void setup(@Autowired StudentRepository studentRepository) {

        Student student1 = new Student("101","Alpha","alpha@knf.com",50);
        Student student2 = new Student("102","Beta","beta@knf.com",40);
        Student student3 = new Student("103","Gama","gama@knf.com",30);
        Student student4 = new Student("104","Pekka","pekka@knf.com",20);

        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student1,student2,student3,student4);

        studentRepository.saveAll(students);

    }

    @Test
    void findByName_ReturnsTheStudent() {

        Student student = studentRepository.findByName("Alpha").get();
        assertThat(student).isNotNull();
        assertThat(student.getEmail()).isEqualTo("alpha@knf.com");
        assertThat(student.getName()).isEqualTo("Alpha");
        assertThat(student.getId()).isEqualTo("101");
        assertThat(student.getAge()).isEqualTo(50);
    }

    @Test
    void findByAgeGreaterThan_ReturnsTheListStudents() {

        List<Student> students = studentRepository.findByAgeGreaterThan(29);

        //Convert list of students to list of id(String)
        List<String> ids = students.stream()
                .map(o -> o.getId())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());


        assertThat(students.size()).isEqualTo(3);
        assertThat(ids).hasSameElementsAs(Arrays.asList("103","102","101"));
    }

    @Test
    void findByAgeLessThan_ReturnsTheListStudents() {

        List<Student> students = studentRepository.findByAgeLessThan(31);

        //Convert list of students to list of id(Integer)
        List<String> ids = students.stream()
                .map(o -> o.getId())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        assertThat(students.size()).isEqualTo(2);
        assertThat(ids).hasSameElementsAs(Arrays.asList("104","103"));
    }
}

  • @Testcontainers is a JUnit Jupiter extension which automatically starts and stops the containers(here MongoDBContainer) that are used in the tests.
  • The @Container annotation is a JUnit extension that tells JUnit to notify this field about various events in a test lifecycle. In this case, it ensures that the MongoDB container is running in a healthy way before any test is considered successfully run.
  • Beginning from Spring Boot version 3.1, the annotation @ServiceConnection can be used on the container instance fields of our tests. We are using @ServiceConnection instead of @DynamicPropertySource to register the dynamic property values to a MongoDB container.
  • Testcontainers has a MongoDBContainer class that enables you to create a MongoDB instance for testing purposes.
  • assertThat is used to check the specified value matches the expected value. It will accept the two parameters, the first contains the actual value, and the second will have the object matching the condition.


6. Run the test

Since we are using Testcontainers, make sure to start Docker in your local machine.

After that, run the test,

Or you can run the test using following command:

mvn  test -Dtest=StudentRepositoryTest
or
mvn test

Popular posts from this blog

Learn Java 8 streams with an example - print odd/even numbers from Array and List

Example 1: Java 8 program to print odd numbers from a List   import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.Collectors; /*Java 8 Program to find Odd Numbers from a List*/ public class DriverClass { public static void main( String [] args) { List < Integer > numbers = Arrays. asList( 1 , 4 , 8 , 40 , 11 , 22 , 33 , 99 ); List < Integer > oddNumbers = numbers.stream(). filter(o -> o % 2 != 0 ). collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println(oddNumbers); } } 1. Initialize List using Arrays.asList() method. Java's built-in Arrays.asList() method converts an array into a list. This method takes an array as an argument and returns a List object. 2.  Java List interface provides stream() method which returns a sequential Stream with list of Integer as its source. 3. The Java stream filter(...
Read more

Java Stream API - How to convert List of objects to another List of objects using Java streams?

Image
In this section, we will show you how to convert a List of objects to another List of objects in Java using the Java streams map(). The ‘map’ method maps each element to its corresponding result. Java Stream API   The Java Stream API provides a functional programming approach over the object oriented capabilities of Java. It is used for processing collections of objects. The Stream in Java can be defined as a sequence of elements from a source List, Set or Array. Most of the stream operations return a Stream. This avails engender a chain of stream operations(stream pipe-lining). The streams withal support the aggregate or terminal operations on the elements. for example, finding the sum or maximum element or finding the average etc...Stream operations can either be executed sequentially or parallel. when performed parallelly, it is called a parallel stream.   Stream map() Method   The Java 8 Stream map() is an intermediate operation. It converts Stream<obj1> to Str...
Read more

Registration and Login with Spring Boot + Spring Security + Thymeleaf

Image
In this section, we will learn how to create user registration and login using Spring boot, Spring security, Thymeleaf, JPA, and H2DB. The GitHub repository link is provided at the end of this tutorial. You can download the source code. Technologies used: Spring Boot 2.5.5  Spring Data JPA  Spring Security  Thymeleaf  Maven 3+  Java 17  H2 Database   User Interface User Registration Authentication Failed Authentication success Sign out Final Project Structure: Complete pom.xml: <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?> < project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns: xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi :schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion > < parent > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-pare...
Read more

Java, Spring Boot Mini Project - Library Management System - Download

Image
Hello everyone, Hope you are doing well. Here, we provide a Library Management System mini-project for beginners, it's free for download. Maybe you can build more on top of this project and create your own product, that's all about you. The source code download link is provided at the end of this post. 1. Benefit of this project You could cover the following technologies and features by learning and debugging this mini project. Java 17 Java Stream Java Lamda Expressions Java Records Functional programming Object-oriented programming var Keyword in Java Generics in Java Java Switch Spring boot 2.6.4 Spring Security Thymeleaf template engine OpenCSV Spring Data JPA Server Side Pagination H2 Database  Bootstrap HTML CSS and more... 2. Objective Of Spring Boot On Library Management System The main objective of this project is to manage the details of the books, author, category, and publisher. Only Admin/Librarian will manage all these activities. Also, they can export the data in ...
Read more

ReactJS, Spring Boot JWT Authentication Example

Image
In this tutorial, we’ll create a user registration & login example using ReactJS, Spring Boot, Spring Security, and JWT authentication. You could download the source code from our Github repository, the download link is provided at the end of this tutorial. Technologies used Backend Technologies: Java 17 Spring Boot 2.7.0 Spring Security Spring Data JPA JWT H2 Database Frontend Technologies: React 17.0.1 Axios 0.27.2 Redux 4.0.5 Bootstrap 4.5.2 ReactJS - SpringBoot - JWT - Flow Backend Project Directory: Frontend Project Directory: Following is the screenshot of our application - User Registration: User Signin: Profile View: Access Resource: We will build two projects:  1. Backend:   spring-boot-security-jwt 2. Frontend: react-redux-jwt Project 1: spring-boot-security-jwt Pom.xml <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"...
Read more

Top 5 Java ORM tools - 2024

Image
  The term ORM refers to object-relational mapping, which uses objects to adapt programming languages to database systems while allowing them to function with SQL and object-oriented programming ideas. Any kind of database management system that can accomplish object mapping to the table in the virtual system is suitable for the implementation of ORM. Java has a wide variety of ORM tools, some of which are mentioned below: 1. Hibernate Hibernate is a lightweight, open-source, non-invasive Java ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework that allows developers to create objects that function independently of database software and create persistence logic in any Java or JavaEE application. It offers an abstraction layer, so developers don't have to bother about implementations; Hibernate handles these tasks internally, such as connecting to databases and creating queries to carry out CRUD operations, among other things. Persistence logic development is done with it. Persistence logic r...
Read more

Java - Blowfish Encryption and decryption Example

Image
Blowfish is an encryption method developed by Bruce Schneier in 1993 as an alternative to the DES encryption method. It is significantly faster than DES and provides good encryption speed, although no effective cryptanalysis technique has been found to date. It is one of the first secure block ciphers that is not protected by any patents and is therefore freely available for anyone to use. This is a symmetric block cipher algorithm. Block size: 64 bits Key size: variable size from 32 to 448 bits number of subsections: 18 [P-array] number of rounds: 16 number of substitution blocks: 4 [each with 512 records of 32 bits each] develop  Example 1: Encryption and decryption using Blowfish import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.Base64; import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSiz...
Read more

Spring boot video streaming example-HTML5

Image
Hello everyone, Today we will learn how to stream MP4 video using Spring Boot and Spring Web Flux.  The Source code download link is provided at the end of this post. New, Quarkus Practice User Interface   Project Structure: G radle(build.gradle) plugins { id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.5.4' id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.11.RELEASE' id 'java' } group = 'com.knf.demo' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' sourceCompatibility = '11' repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-webflux' testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test' testImplementation 'io.projectreactor:reactor-test' } test { useJUnitPlatform() } Service (VideoStreamingService.java) package  com.knf.demo.service ; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation. Autowired ; import org.springframework...
Read more

Google Cloud Storage + Spring Boot - File Upload, Download, and Delete

Image
In this section, we will learn  how to  create a simple spring boot application to perform different file operations such as upload, download, list, and delete files from the Google Cloud Storage. 1.  A little bit of Background Google Cloud Storage Cloud Storage is a managed service for storing unstructured data. Store any amount of data and retrieve it as often as you like. More Info - click here! Spring Boot Spring Boot makes it easy to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based Applications that you can "just run".  More Info - click here! 2. Create a GCP Project First, Sign into the Google console at  https://console.cloud.google.com . You can create a new project by first selecting the project dropdown in the top left and selecting " New Project ". Next, specify your GCP  Project name  and  Project ID . Then  Click on the " CREATE " button. Copy " Project ID " and keep it for future purposes. 3. Create a Google Cloud Storage bucke...
Read more